Engineering Geological Modeling and Stability Assessment of the Niasar Waterfall Slope Using Advanced Zonation Techniques

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Mining and Metallurgical Enginering, Yazd University, Yazd Iran

2 Department of Geology, Yazd University, Iran

10.22077/jgm.2026.11029.1076

Abstract

Naisar, a small town near Kashan in Iran’s Isfahan province, is renowned for its historical pavilion, locally known as the ‘Khooshk.’ This significant structure is endangered by an unstable karstified rock mass beneath it. The rock, primarily travertine carbonate, is extensively characterized by vugs, cracks, and fractures. Impurities, including sand, clay, gypsum, and intermixed marl (predominantly in the uppermost sections), further compromise its structural integrity. The site, encompassing the pavilion and a nearby waterfall, is a popular tourist destination attracting both national and international visitors. The precarious foundation and slope conditions present a substantial future risk, with a high potential for loss of life and property damage if the instability is not mitigated. This study analyzes the slope using the numerical modeling software UDEC 4.0. After identifying potential failure mechanisms, an advanced micro- and macro-zonation of the rock mass was conducted. This zonation aims to precisely delineate stable and unstable areas, establishing a clear and actionable framework for geotechnical engineering interventions. Any proposed mitigation strategies must carefully balance the imperative to preserve the site’s original aesthetic and structural authenticity with the practical need for cost-effectiveness. The findings and detailed zonation map from this study are designed to meet both essential criteria, facilitating a targeted and sensitive approach to stabilizing this valuable historical and natural landmark.

Keywords

Journal of Geomine
Volume 3, Issue 4
December 2025
Pages 225-238

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